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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Intratracheal Administration of Dry Powder Formulation in Mice
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Flow Control When Testing Dry-Powder Inhalers.

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  • 1Applied Particle Principles, LLC, Hamilton, Virginia, USA.

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|May 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dry powder inhaler (DPI) testing requires specific flow control. This study evaluated common valves, finding one maintains constant flow below a pressure ratio of 0.5, while another does not, highlighting the need for equipment qualification.

Keywords:
DPI testingcontrol valve testingflow equipment qualification

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • International compendia mandate a pressure ratio ≤0.5 for dry powder inhaler (DPI) testing.
  • Current guidance lacks requirements for flow control equipment to adhere to thermodynamic theory.
  • There is a need to define and test acceptable flow control valve performance for DPI testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present flow control data for two common valves used in inhaler testing.
  • To describe the necessity for qualification specifications for flow control equipment.

Main Methods:

  • A laboratory apparatus was developed to determine mass flow rate through two commercial flow control valves.
  • The test method involved lowering the pressure ratio across the valve from ~0.7 to 0.3.
  • This range covers the standard test requirement (pressure ratio ≤0.5) and maps compressible flow transition.

Main Results:

  • One common industrial valve demonstrated nearly constant flow when the pressure ratio was <0.5.
  • A second widely used valve showed a slight, continued increase in mass flow rate as the pressure ratio decreased below 0.5.

Conclusions:

  • Inhaler testing laboratories should verify if their equipment achieves constant flow under a pressure ratio of 0.5 or less.
  • Future quantitative specifications for qualifying flow control equipment must address both transient and steady-state flow conditions in DPI testing.