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Related Concept Videos

Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

Articulations of the Vertebral Column

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In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device
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Thoracic Inlet Angle Is Associated With Cervical Sagittal Alignment and Recovery After Multilevel Posterior Cervical

Eeric Truumees1, Devender Singh1, Matthew Geck1

  • 1Ascension Texas Spine and Scoliosis, Austin.

Clinical Spine Surgery
|May 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The thoracic inlet angle (TIA) correlates with cervical alignment after posterior cervical fusion. While TIA is linked to alignment, demographic factors significantly influence patient recovery and outcomes.

Keywords:
T1 slopebody mass indexcervical alignmentcervical spine surgeryexploratory subgroup analysispatient-reported outcomesthoracic inlet angle

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Area of Science:

  • Spine surgery
  • Orthopedics
  • Radiographic analysis

Background:

  • Thoracic inlet angle (TIA) is a fixed morphologic parameter correlated with cervical sagittal alignment.
  • The association between TIA and postoperative recovery patterns requires further definition.
  • TIA's role is distinct from established mismatch parameters like T1 slope-cervical lordosis (T1S-CL).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore associations between the thoracic inlet angle (TIA) and cervical alignment measures (T1 slope, cervical lordosis, cervical sagittal vertical alignment).
  • To provide insight into alignment relationships and postoperative recovery after multilevel posterior cervical fusion.
  • To examine recovery patterns based on preoperative TIA-CL difference (PreopΔ) and demographic factors.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 157 patients undergoing multilevel posterior cervical fusion.
  • Assessment of TIA, T1S, CL, and cSVA at multiple preoperative and postoperative time points.
  • Stratification of patients into three subgroups based on preoperative TIA-CL difference (PreopΔ).

Main Results:

  • Significant associations found between TIA and T1S (r=0.76) and TIA and CL (r=0.63).
  • Subgroup analyses revealed descriptive differences in radiographic and functional outcomes.
  • Demographic factors (BMI, age, smoking) varied between groups and impacted outcome variability, with smokers in the lowest PreopΔ subgroup showing higher 2-year ODI scores.

Conclusions:

  • Thoracic inlet angle (TIA) is anatomically linked to cervical sagittal alignment.
  • TIA serves as a morphologic reference for understanding postoperative alignment.
  • Observed subgroup differences are hypothesis-generating associations, not predictive or causal relationships.