Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

3.2K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
3.2K
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

12.6K
Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
12.6K
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

2.9K
MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
2.9K
EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research01:21

EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research

3.2K
Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
3.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Infectious Agents in Multiple Sclerosis: Viral Triggers, Antibody-Mediated Autoimmunity, and Parasitic Immunomodulation.

Biomolecules·2026
Same author

Integrated stress response couples mitochondrial fitness with lineage reprogramming to drive cancer evolution.

Nature cell biology·2026
Same author

Microglia promote vascular remodeling in a mouse model of chronic stress.

Brain, behavior, and immunity·2026
Same author

A feedforward loop between STAT1 and YAP1 stimulates lipid biosynthesis, accelerates tumor growth, and promotes chemotherapy resistance in mutant KRAS colorectal cancer.

Communications biology·2025
Same author

Plasticity of the mammalian integrated stress response.

Nature·2025
Same author

Lineage plasticity of the integrated stress response is a hallmark of cancer evolution.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same journal

In This Issue.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Correction for Otsuki et al., Extracellular sulfatases support cartilage homeostasis by regulating BMP and FGF signaling pathways.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Hive mind: Microbial communities and the making of memory.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Targets for disease modification in schizophrenia: New findings add to evidence for the involvement of the immune complement system.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Correction for Wang et al., The role of reduced aerosol masking from air pollutant emission reductions in recent global warming acceleration (2013-2023).

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Correction for Mishra, Ecology is not yet ready for AI-and why that matters.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Preparation of Rat Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cultures and Quantification of Oligodendrogenesis Using Dual-infrared Fluorescence Scanning
11:11

Preparation of Rat Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cultures and Quantification of Oligodendrogenesis Using Dual-infrared Fluorescence Scanning

Published on: February 17, 2016

11.4K

Pde4 mediates MHCII expression in oligodendroglia.

Miguel M Madeira1,2,3, Zachary Hage1,2,3, Dimitris Koliatsis1,2

  • 1Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic stress triggers immune-like oligodendrocytes (ImOLs) in the brain, linked to Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Targeting Pde4b-cAMP-integrated stress response (ISR) signaling may offer new treatments for stress-related disorders.

Keywords:
hypomyelinationimmune oligodendrocytesmajor depressive disorderneuroinflammationoligodendroglia

More Related Videos

Dissection and Isolation of Murine Glia from Multiple Central Nervous System Regions
08:00

Dissection and Isolation of Murine Glia from Multiple Central Nervous System Regions

Published on: June 4, 2020

3.9K
Derivation of Glial Restricted Precursors from E13 mice
08:56

Derivation of Glial Restricted Precursors from E13 mice

Published on: June 20, 2012

12.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Preparation of Rat Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cultures and Quantification of Oligodendrogenesis Using Dual-infrared Fluorescence Scanning
11:11

Preparation of Rat Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cultures and Quantification of Oligodendrogenesis Using Dual-infrared Fluorescence Scanning

Published on: February 17, 2016

11.4K
Dissection and Isolation of Murine Glia from Multiple Central Nervous System Regions
08:00

Dissection and Isolation of Murine Glia from Multiple Central Nervous System Regions

Published on: June 4, 2020

3.9K
Derivation of Glial Restricted Precursors from E13 mice
08:56

Derivation of Glial Restricted Precursors from E13 mice

Published on: June 20, 2012

12.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Chronic psychosocial stress is a key factor in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) development.
  • The specific glial mechanisms linking stress to myelin and immune alterations in MDD are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of oligodendroglia in mediating the effects of chronic stress on brain function.
  • To identify molecular targets for potential therapeutic interventions in stress-related disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized chronic social defeat stress model in mice.
  • Performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing on anterior medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) oligodendroglia.
  • Integrated findings with human MDD single-nucleus RNA sequencing data.
  • Investigated PDE4 inhibition and integrated stress response (ISR) modulation in vivo.

Main Results:

  • Identified a novel oligodendrocyte subset (ImOL) expressing immune genes (MHCII) and Pde4b, predominantly in stress-susceptible animals.
  • Confirmed conserved ImOL subset in human MDD patients.
  • PDE4 inhibition modulated cAMP signaling and blocked IFNγ-induced MHCII expression.
  • In vivo ISR modulation affected ImOL prevalence and stress-related behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • Pde4b-cAMP-ISR signaling regulates oligodendroglial immune phenotypes.
  • This pathway represents a promising target for modulating myelination and neuroinflammation in MDD and other stress-related conditions.