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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrum01:23

Mass Spectrum

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A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...
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Mass Spectrometry: Branched Alkane Fragmentation01:29

Mass Spectrometry: Branched Alkane Fragmentation

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This lesson delves into the mass spectrometry of branched alkane fragmentation. Branched alkanes possess secondary or tertiary carbon atoms, which generate relatively stable carbocations if the cleavage occurs at the branching point. The high stability of carbocations drives the instant fragmentation of branched alkanes. Accordingly, the branched alkane's molecular ion peak is very weak or invisible in the mass spectra, especially in comparison to a linear alkane.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System FFS for the Quantification of Methane Emissions
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Design and Use of a Full Flow Sampling System FFS for the Quantification of Methane Emissions

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Aerial LiDAR-Based, Source-Resolved Methane Emissions Inventory: Permian Basin Case Study for Benchmarking U.S.

Christopher P Donahue1, Kabir Oberoi1, James W Dillon1

  • 1Bridger Photonics, Inc., Bozeman, Montana 59715, United States.

Environmental Science & Technology
|May 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate methane inventories are crucial for climate mitigation. This study created a detailed 2024 methane emissions map for the Permian Basin using aerial LiDAR, revealing seasonal variations and identifying key emission sources.

Keywords:
Gas Mapping LiDAROGMP 2.0 reportingaerial LiDARmeasurement-based methane inventorymethane intensity

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • Accurate methane inventories are essential for effective climate change mitigation strategies and tracking emission reduction progress.
  • Existing methods for methane inventory development face challenges in precision, temporal resolution, and source attribution, particularly in large industrial regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-resolution, source-resolved methane emissions inventory for the Permian Basin for the year 2024.
  • To assess seasonal variations in methane emissions and quantify the methane loss rate at the basin, state, and operator levels.
  • To refine methodologies for methane emission quantification using aerial surveys and advanced data processing techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted quarterly aerial surveys using Gas Mapping LiDAR technology across 51,785 identified sites in the Permian Basin.
  • Integrated public infrastructure data with machine learning for facility population definition and sampling plan generation.
  • Employed a Monte Carlo framework to propagate uncertainties in quantification, extrapolation, sampling, and detection sensitivity.

Main Results:

  • Generated a source-resolved methane inventory with a temporal resolution of one quarter and a detection limit of 0.4 kg/h.
  • Estimated total annual Permian Basin methane emissions at 5,133 kt CH4, with a basin-wide methane loss rate of 3.13%.
  • Observed seasonal emissions, with winter emissions up to 17% higher than summer emissions; Texas (4,038 kt CH4, 3.6% loss) and New Mexico (1,095 kt CH4, 2.1% loss) emissions detailed.

Conclusions:

  • The developed methodology provides a robust framework for creating detailed, source-resolved methane inventories crucial for targeted mitigation.
  • Permian Basin methane emissions exhibit significant seasonality, impacting climate mitigation efforts.
  • Most large operators demonstrated methane loss rates below the basin average, indicating potential for widespread improvement through best practices.