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    Dual-pixel sensors in multi-view 3D reconstruction resolve scale ambiguity using defocus blur. This method enables accurate 3D scene scaling without reference objects, advancing structure-from-motion and multi-view stereo.

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    Area of Science:

    • Computer Vision
    • 3D Reconstruction
    • Computational Photography

    Background:

    • Multi-view 3D reconstruction (structure-from-motion and multi-view stereo) is crucial for 3D computer vision.
    • Scale ambiguity is a common challenge in multi-view 3D reconstruction, often requiring known reference objects or prior calibration.
    • Dual-pixel (DP) sensors offer unique imaging properties due to their on-sensor phase-detection autofocus pixels.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate that multi-view images from dual-pixel sensors can resolve scale ambiguity in 3D reconstruction.
    • To develop a method for absolute scale estimation using DP image defocus blur without external references.
    • To improve the accuracy and applicability of multi-view 3D reconstruction techniques.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing defocus blur information from dual-pixel images to determine absolute scale.
    • Integrating scale estimation with existing depth maps (up to scale) from multi-view 3D reconstruction.
    • Developing a linear method for absolute scale estimation followed by cross-view blur kernel optimization for image alignment.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully resolved scale ambiguity in multi-view 3D reconstruction using only dual-pixel images.
    • Achieved accurate absolute scale estimation without needing reference objects or camera calibration.
    • Demonstrated the method's effectiveness across various scenes and camera/lens configurations.

    Conclusions:

    • Dual-pixel sensor technology inherently provides the necessary information to overcome scale ambiguity in 3D reconstruction.
    • The proposed method offers a simple, effective, and automatic solution for absolute scale determination in structure-from-motion and multi-view stereo.
    • This work significantly advances the practical application of multi-view 3D reconstruction in computer vision.