Neurotrophic Keratopathy: Current Concepts, Management, and Emerging Treatments

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Corneal Disease
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) involves corneal nerve dysfunction, leading to reduced sensation and impaired healing.
• This condition can result in significant epithelial breakdown and potentially lead to corneal ulceration if left untreated.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present an updated review of neurotrophic keratopathy (NK).
• The review covers classification, causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and management strategies for NK.

Main Methods:

• This study is based on a comprehensive literature review.
• Key findings from existing research on NK were synthesized.

Main Results:

• NK is characterized by loss of corneal sensation and neuronal homeostasis, progressing to epithelial breakdown.
• Optimal management includes preservative-free lubricants, punctal occlusion, and advanced therapies like cenegermin or neurotization.
• Keratoplasty is a high-risk option requiring aggressive perioperative management.

Conclusions:

• Neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) is a chronic, progressive condition requiring ongoing monitoring.
• Early and proactive intervention is essential to prevent disease progression and vision-threatening complications.