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Updated: May 7, 2026

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Effects of Mind-Body-Movement Practices on Brain Function

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Spatial navigation training enhances performance on large-scale and small-scale spatial tasks through different

Jin Yu¹, Mengxia Yu², Yiying Song¹

¹Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.

Brain and Cognition

|May 5, 2026

Summary

Spatial navigation training improved both large-scale and small-scale spatial abilities. Distinct brain activity patterns emerged for each ability, suggesting separate neural mechanisms support spatial cognition.

Keywords:

Large-scale spatial cognition Small-scale spatial cognition Spatial navigation Spatial training

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Published on: October 8, 2011

Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Spatial Cognition
Neuroplasticity

Background:

Understanding the relationship between large-scale and small-scale spatial abilities is crucial for spatial cognition research.
Investigating training transfer effects offers insights into how spatial skills are learned and generalized.
Neural mechanisms underlying spatial abilities require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine how spatial navigation training in a large-scale environment impacts both large- and small-scale spatial abilities.
To identify the distinct neural mechanisms associated with improvements in large- and small-scale spatial tasks post-training.
To evaluate the partial dissociation model of spatial cognition.

Main Methods:

Participants underwent 20 days of real-world campus navigation training.
Large-scale (distance judgment) and small-scale (paper folding) spatial tasks were administered pre- and post-training.
Brain imaging (fMRI) was used to analyze neural activity during task performance.

Main Results:

The training group demonstrated significant improvements in both large- and small-scale spatial tasks, unlike the control group.
Large-scale task improvements correlated with increased activation in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC).
Small-scale task improvements were linked to reduced deactivation in the right postcentral gyrus (PoCG), right precuneus, and left superior temporal gyrus (STG).

Conclusions:

Spatial navigation training enhances both large- and small-scale spatial cognition.
Distinct neural mechanisms underlie improvements in large-scale and small-scale spatial abilities, supporting a partial dissociation model.
Regions involved in task-related deactivation play a significant role in spatial skill enhancement.