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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
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Competency-Based Medical Education in Ophthalmology: Perspectives of Residency Program Directors.

Faiqa B Aamir1, George B Bartley2, Grace Sun3

  • 1Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

Journal of Surgical Education
|May 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Ophthalmology program directors support Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) and Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) but need better assessment tools. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of these training initiatives.

Keywords:
Competence-based medical educationEntrustable professional activitiesMedical educationOphthalmology residency training

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Ophthalmology Training
  • Competency-Based Medical Education

Background:

  • Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) and Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) are emerging frameworks for medical residency training.
  • Ophthalmology residency programs face the challenge of adopting these new educational models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate ophthalmology program directors' (PDs) understanding, attitudes, and perceptions regarding CBME and EPAs.
  • To identify perceived barriers and essential competencies for ophthalmology residency.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study utilizing an anonymous online survey.
  • The survey was distributed to Ophthalmology Residency PDs across the U.S. via the AUPO PDs directory.
  • Assessed familiarity with CBME/EPAs, barriers, and essential competencies.

Main Results:

  • 65.5% of PDs were familiar with CBME, but only 43.6% could explain EPAs; 22% used EPA-based assessment.
  • 60% agreed on the need for improved assessment tools; 60% reported some residents were ready for early graduation.
  • Cataract surgery and Nd:YAG capsulotomy were deemed most essential; strabismus surgery least essential.

Conclusions:

  • Ophthalmology PDs generally support integrating CBME and EPAs into residency training.
  • There is a clear need for structured assessment frameworks and further investigation into the impact of CBME/EPAs on patient outcomes and resident performance.