Current and emerging therapies in IDH-mutant glioma

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant gliomas constitute a distinct molecular subtype of diffuse gliomas, characterized by unique biology and relatively favorable clinical outcomes. However, despite their more indolent initial course, these tumors ultimately develop treatment resistance and remain incurable. Standard treatment approaches have relied on surgery followed by radiation and alkylating chemotherapy, which provide meaningful disease control but are associated with cumulative neurocognitive toxicities. The oral mutant IDH inhibitor vorasidenib recently became the first targeted therapy available for IDH-mutant glioma. Based on results of the randomized phase 3 INDIGO trial, vorasidenib was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2024 as a first-line treatment option for grade 2 IDH-mutant glioma following surgery. In this review, we summarize the current therapeutic paradigm for IDH-mutant glioma, including the use of radiation and chemotherapy as well as the evolving role of mutant IDH-targeted therapy. We also highlight emerging therapeutic strategies, including approaches targeting key biologically informed vulnerabilities such as DNA damage repair pathways, cell-cycle and metabolic dependencies, tumor-associated hypermethylation, and anti-tumor immune activation. Collectively, these advances reflect a rapidly evolving treatment landscape driven by improved understanding of IDH biology, and hold promise to overcome therapeutic resistance and improve patient outcomes.