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Tailoring Alginate Hydrogels via Precoordinated Lanthanide Complexes as Dynamic Cross-Linkers.

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Precoordinated lanthanide complexes enhance alginate hydrogel mechanical stability. Samarium complexes create stronger, faster-forming gels, while europium hydrogels show potential as luminescent sensors.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • Lanthanides are explored as ionic cross-linkers for hydrophilic polymers to create luminescent hydrogels.
  • Existing lanthanide-complexed networks often suffer from poor mechanical robustness.
  • Developing mechanically stable luminescent hydrogels remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce precoordinated lanthanide complexes as dual-function cross-linkers and luminophores.
  • To fabricate mechanically stable alginate hydrogels using these complexes.
  • To investigate the influence of lanthanide ionic size on hydrogel properties.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of three types of precoordinated lanthanide complexes (Tb3+, Eu3+, Sm3+).
  • Spontaneous cross-linking of alginate with these complexes via electrostatic interactions.
  • Characterization of the resulting alginate-lanthanide (Alg-Ln) hydrogels, including mechanical strength and gelation time.

Main Results:

  • All three types of complexes successfully formed Alg-Ln hydrogels.
  • Alg-Sm hydrogel demonstrated significantly shorter gelation time and superior mechanical strength compared to Alg-Eu and Alg-Tb hydrogels.
  • The enhanced properties of Alg-Sm hydrogel are attributed to the larger ionic volume of the samarium complex, promoting denser cross-linking.

Conclusions:

  • Precoordinated lanthanide complexes are effective in creating mechanically robust and luminescent alginate hydrogels.
  • Lanthanide ionic size plays a crucial role in determining hydrogel network structure and mechanical properties.
  • The developed hydrogels offer tunable properties for potential applications, including luminescent sensing (e.g., Alg-Eu for copper ions).