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Low-toxicity functionalized photopolymer for high-efficiency reflection holography with humidity response
José Carlos García-Vázquez1,2, Manuel G Ramírez3,4, Belén Nieto-Rodríguez5
1I. U. Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, University of Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain. jc.garciavazquez@ua.es.
Scientific Reports
|May 5, 2026
Summary
This study showcases functionalized photopolymers for optical humidity sensing. MPC-enhanced Biophotopol achieved high diffraction efficiencies, demonstrating a promising material for sustainable holographic sensors.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Optical Engineering
- Chemical Engineering
Background:
- Reflection holograms in photopolymers offer potential for optical humidity sensing.
- Developing environmentally friendly and effective sensing materials is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the use of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-functionalized Biophotopol for holographic humidity sensing.
- To evaluate the impact of MPC on material properties and sensing performance.
Main Methods:
- Recording unslanted volume gratings in MPC-functionalized Biophotopol.
- Controlled humidification and analysis of diffraction efficiency.
- Spectral reconstruction, refractive index measurements, 3D profilometry, and structural modeling.
- Evaluation of dynamic humidity response and opto-mechanical hysteresis.
Main Results:
- MPC-functionalized gratings achieved >70% diffraction efficiency, a record for eco-friendly materials.
- MPC enhanced water uptake and swelling, modulating grating period, optical thickness, and Bragg wavelength.
- A strong correlation was confirmed between MPC concentration and humidity-induced changes.
- Higher MPC concentrations increased sensitivity but also caused water retention and hysteresis.
Conclusions:
- MPC-functionalized Biophotopol is a highly promising material for holographic humidity sensors.
- The study links sustainable photopolymer design with applied holography for sensing technologies.
- The material demonstrates effective performance under significant hygroscopic stress.
