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Smartphone gaze-tracking for accessible psychiatric assessment.

Gancheng Zhu¹, Hanyu Shao², Hongyan Liu³

¹Center for Psychological Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Npj Mental Health Research

|May 5, 2026

Summary

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Smartphone eye-tracking with deep learning: Data quality and field testing.

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Smartphone gaze tracking offers a novel, accessible method for psychiatric assessment. This technology shows promise in identifying conditions like schizophrenia and depressive symptoms with high accuracy, comparable to traditional methods.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Eye movements serve as crucial biomarkers for neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Traditional eye-tracking methods are often cumbersome, expensive, and confined to laboratory settings.
Deep learning-based gaze tracking on smartphones presents a scalable, accessible alternative for real-world data collection.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the feasibility of smartphone-based gaze tracking for psychiatric assessment.
To compare the efficacy of smartphone gaze tracking against research-grade equipment for detecting schizophrenia.
To assess the utility of smartphone gaze tracking in classifying depressive symptoms.

Main Methods:

Two studies were conducted: a clinical investigation of schizophrenia patients and a normative study on healthy college students.

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Gaze data was collected using both iPhones and a research-grade EyeLink eye-tracker for schizophrenia detection.

Smartphone gaze-tracking data from a university cohort was used to classify depressive symptoms via a free-viewing task.

Main Results:

Smartphone gaze metrics effectively distinguished between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls, achieving an AUC of 87.00% and accuracy of 83.33%.
Performance of the smartphone model was comparable to the EyeLink benchmark (AUC 87.12%, accuracy 86.67%).
Classification of depressive symptoms using Android smartphones yielded an AUC of 75.54% and accuracy of 75.79%.

Conclusions:

Smartphone gaze tracking is a viable tool for real-world psychiatric assessment.
This technology offers an accessible and privacy-preserving method for monitoring psychiatric conditions and treatment.
The findings support the integration of smartphone-based eye movement analysis into clinical practice.