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Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
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When two waves of the same nature occur in the same region simultaneously, they result in interference. Interference of waves implies that the net effect of the waves is the sum of the individual waves' effects. However, it does not imply that the individual waves affect the propagation of other waves.
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Bioinspired acoustic metasurface for simultaneous bilateral wave manipulation.

Heye Xiao1, Jiaqi Yu1, Ming Yan2

  • 1Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.

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|May 5, 2026
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Summary

Researchers developed a novel bioinspired acoustic metasurface capable of independently controlling reflected and transmitted sound waves. This breakthrough enables versatile full-space wavefront manipulation for enhanced acoustic applications.

Keywords:
BidirectionalFull-spaceMetasurface

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Materials Science
  • Wave Physics

Background:

  • Acoustic metasurfaces offer thin-film, low-frequency sound manipulation.
  • Current metasurfaces often face limitations due to unidirectional incidence, restricting spatial adaptability.
  • Full-space wavefront control is desired for advanced metasurface functionalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a bioinspired acoustic metasurface unit for independent modulation of reflected and transmitted sound waves.
  • To achieve arbitrary combination of transmitted and reflected phases.
  • To enable bidirectional incidence operation for enhanced spatial adaptability.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a bioinspired metasurface unit comprising coiling slits and Helmholtz transmission tunnels.
  • Established a theoretical acoustic impedance model for the metasurface unit.
  • Performed numerical simulations and experimental validation.

Main Results:

  • The metasurface unit independently modulates reflected and transmitted sound waves.
  • Transmitted and reflected phases can be combined arbitrarily within structural parameter ranges.
  • Simultaneous realization of Bessel beam generation, sound focusing, and surface wave conversion in reflection and transmission modes.
  • Demonstrated functionality under forward and backward incidence due to symmetrical configuration.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed bioinspired acoustic metasurface overcomes unidirectional incidence limitations.
  • This design enables versatile, full-space wavefront control with independent modulation capabilities.
  • The findings offer new avenues for expanding acoustic metasurface functionalities and applications.