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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

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When can working memory consolidation be interrupted?

Brandon J Carlos1,2, Lindsay A Santacroce3, Benjamin J Tamber-Rosenau3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA. brandon.carlos@bsu.edu.

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|May 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Working memory (WM) consolidation protects information from distraction. A subsequent task switch with a speeded motor response effectively interrupts this process, revealing insights into WM interruption boundaries.

Keywords:
ConsolidationDual taskEncodingRetroactive interferenceWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) consolidation shields information from distractions, but its speed and interruption factors remain unclear.
  • Retroactive interference offers a precise measure of consolidation, yet the conditions triggering it are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish the boundary conditions for retroactive interference effects in working memory.
  • To determine the circumstances under which working memory consolidation can be interrupted by a subsequent task.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a dual-task paradigm involving a working memory sample (T1) followed by a sensorimotor decision task (T2) with varied intervals.
  • Modified the dual-task paradigm to investigate retroactive interference under different working memory probe demands and T2 task characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Retroactive interference remained robust despite alterations in working memory probe demands.
  • Modifications to the T2 task, specifically a task switch with an immediate speeded motor response, most effectively induced retroactive interference.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory consolidation interruption is sensitive to task switching and immediate motor responses in subsequent tasks.
  • Findings support central resource sharing models in explaining dual-task interference during working memory consolidation.