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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

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When can working memory consolidation be interrupted?

Brandon J Carlos1,2, Lindsay A Santacroce3, Benjamin J Tamber-Rosenau3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA. brandon.carlos@bsu.edu.

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|May 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Working memory (WM) consolidation protects information from distraction. A subsequent task switch with a speeded motor response effectively interrupts this process, revealing insights into WM interruption boundaries.

Keywords:
ConsolidationDual taskEncodingRetroactive interferenceWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) consolidation shields information from distractions, but its speed and interruption factors remain unclear.
  • Retroactive interference offers a precise measure of consolidation, yet the conditions triggering it are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish the boundary conditions for retroactive interference effects in working memory.
  • To determine the circumstances under which working memory consolidation can be interrupted by a subsequent task.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a dual-task paradigm involving a working memory sample (T1) followed by a sensorimotor decision task (T2) with varied intervals.
  • Modified the dual-task paradigm to investigate retroactive interference under different working memory probe demands and T2 task characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Retroactive interference remained robust despite alterations in working memory probe demands.
  • Modifications to the T2 task, specifically a task switch with an immediate speeded motor response, most effectively induced retroactive interference.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory consolidation interruption is sensitive to task switching and immediate motor responses in subsequent tasks.
  • Findings support central resource sharing models in explaining dual-task interference during working memory consolidation.