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Healthy Eating Index, Epigenetic Age Acceleration and Mortality Risk in US Adults.

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Higher diet quality is linked to slower epigenetic aging and reduced mortality risk. However, physical activity significantly confounds this association, underscoring the interplay between lifestyle and biological aging.

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additive Bayesian networksbiological agingdiet qualityepigenetic clocksmortality

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Epidemiology
  • Epigenetics
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Diet quality is a modifiable factor influencing health and aging.
  • Epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) is associated with increased mortality risk.
  • Socioeconomic determinants influence both diet and biological aging pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the associations between diet quality, EAA, and mortality in U.S. cohorts.
  • To investigate the mediating role of EAA in the diet-mortality relationship.
  • To explore the influence of socioeconomic factors on these pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of two U.S. cohorts (NHANES and HRS) with mortality data from the National Death Index.
  • Application of Cox proportional hazards models, additive Bayesian networks (ABN), and generalized structural equation models (GSEM).
  • Four-way decomposition to estimate direct, indirect, and interaction effects, considering socioeconomic status (SES) as an upstream determinant.

Main Results:

  • Higher diet quality (HEI-2015) was associated with lower EAA and reduced mortality.
  • GrimAge EAA was a strong predictor of mortality across both cohorts.
  • SES was identified as a driver of diet and aging; EAA partially mediated the diet-mortality link in HRS, but this was attenuated by lifestyle factors, particularly physical activity.
  • Diet quality modified the association between PhenoAge and mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Poor diet quality is associated with accelerated epigenetic aging and increased mortality.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms may play a modest mediating role, but lifestyle factors like physical activity are significant confounders.
  • Integrated behavioral and biological pathways are crucial for understanding diet's impact on aging and mortality.