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Neurocognitive Deficits Associated with Gambling Behavior: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Executive
Yashita Ahluwalia1, Parvender Singh Negi1, Swarndeep Singh2
1National Drug Dependence Treatment Center (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi, India.
Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine
|May 6, 2026
Summary
Gambling behavior is linked to significant neurocognitive deficits, particularly in executive functions like inhibitory control and decision-making. These findings offer partial support for the dual-process model of addiction.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychology
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Gambling disorder is a complex behavioral addiction.
- Understanding the neurocognitive underpinnings is crucial for effective interventions.
- The dual-process model proposes that addiction involves both automatic and controlled processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze neurocognitive deficits associated with gambling behavior.
- To investigate deficits in executive function, decision-making, delay discounting, and reward sensitivity.
- To determine if these deficits support the dual-process model of addiction.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
- Searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science.
- Included studies meeting DSM/ICD criteria or using standardized screening instruments.
- Conducted random-effects meta-analyses using Hedges' g.
Main Results:
- Significant deficits observed in inhibitory control (Stroop task), delay discounting, cognitive flexibility, and working memory (TMT-B).
- Decision-making impairments were supported by qualitative evidence.
- No consistent deficits found in planning ability or reward sensitivity.
Conclusions:
- Neurocognitive impairments in controlled and automatic processes are evident in individuals with gambling behavior.
- Findings partially support the dual-process model of gambling disorder.
- Heterogeneity and task-specific effects necessitate cautious interpretation.
