Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Antigen-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Specific Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Antigen-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Specific Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Published on: February 24, 2023

Development of a predictive model based on clinical indicators for refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in

Feifei Yu^1,2, Yan Zhou¹, Zhengxiu Luo²

¹Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

|May 6, 2026

Insights

This study identifies key indicators to predict refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) in children, developing a nomogram for early risk assessment and guiding treatment decisions for better outcomes.

Area of Science:

Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Respiratory Medicine
Clinical Epidemiology

Background:

Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) can lead to refractory cases (RMPP) in children, necessitating early identification.
Predictive tools for RMPP are crucial for timely intervention and management.
Current diagnostic and prognostic indicators for RMPP require further refinement.

Purpose of the Study:

To screen and identify clinical indicators for predicting the occurrence of RMPP in children.
To determine combined factors for predicting RMPP.
To provide a basis for early identification and treatment planning for RMPP.

Main Methods:

Retrospective case-control analysis of 522 children with MPP.
Inclusion of 28 clinical indicators, including clinical features and laboratory data.
Application of univariate and multivariate logistic regression, stepwise regression, ROC curve analysis, and nomogram construction.

Main Results:

Duration of fever, pleural effusion, atelectasis, and extrapulmonary complications were identified as independent risk factors for RMPP.
Platelet count (PLT) and MP antibody titer ≥1:320 were found to be protective factors.
The developed prediction model demonstrated high accuracy (AUC=0.870), with 82.2% sensitivity and 80.5% specificity.

Conclusions:

A validated visual nomogram model for predicting RMPP risk in children was constructed.
This user-friendly tool aids in the individualized prediction of RMPP risk at initial presentation.
The model supports clinical decision-making for macrolide therapy and identifies high-risk children for closer monitoring and adjunctive therapies.

Read full analysis

Abstract

Objective:

This study aims to screen indicators for predicting the occurrence of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) in children, determine the combined factors for predicting RMPP, and provide a basis for the early identification of children with RMPP and the determination of treatment plans.

Methods:

This study was a retrospective case-control analysis. A total of 522 children with MPP and 28 clinical indicators were included. Clinical feature, hospitalization period, laboratory data, etc., were collected. The risk factors related to RMPP were screened through univariate analysis. A multivariate logistic regression model was established, and stepwise regression was used to screen out independent risk factors. The operating characteristic curve (ROC) of the combined predictor was drawn for predictive efficacy analysis. A visual nomogram model for predicting the probability of RMPP occurrence was constructed and validated.

Results:

Differing from other results, there were no statistically significant differences in demographic indicators such as age and gender between the two groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that duration of fever (OR = 1.407), PLT (OR = 0.997), pleural effusion (OR = 2.084), atelectasis (OR = 3.116), and extrapulmonary complications (OR = 4.251) were independent risk factors for RMPP (P < 0.05). MP antibody titer ≥1:320 (OR = 0.420) is a protective factor. The AUC of the prediction model was 0.870 (95%CI: 0.837, 0.904), the sensitivity of the prediction model was 82.2%, the specificity was 80.5%, and the prediction accuracy was relatively high. The calibration curve, close to the 45° line, exhibited good calibration.

Conclusion:

We constructed and validated a visual and user-friendly model for individualized prediction of RMPP risk in children at initial presentation, to support clinical decision-making regarding macrolide therapy. This model provides a tool for identification of high-risk children, which may inform closer monitoring and prompt consideration of adjunctive therapies.

Keywords:

children indicators predictive model refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia treatment

Related Concept Videos

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease...

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:

Pneumonia IV: Management

Pneumonia IV: Management

The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

NatA complex is a leaf-intrinsic brake on systemic responses induced by root endophytic fungi.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

RING-type E3 ligase RhSAREL promotes flower senescence by differentially regulating two TMBIM family members, RhTMBIM1 and RhTMBIM7, in Rosa hybrida.

Plant physiology·2026

S2P-modified PLGA bifunctional nanodrug: inhibiting vascular senescence and foam cell formation for atherosclerosis treatment.

Journal of nanobiotechnology·2026

SWI combined with cMRI and CT in the differentiating of intracranial Rosai-Dorfman disease from fibrous meningioma.

BMC medical imaging·2026

Non-invasive prediction of B-cell lymphoma-2 and Ki-67 expression in primary central nervous system lymphoma using whole-tumor histogram analysis of diffusion weighted imaging, diffusional kurtosis imaging and intravoxel incoherent motion.

BMC medical imaging·2026

Proanthocyanidins: structure, biosynthesis, regulation, and structure-activity relationships.

aBIOTECH·2026

See all related articles