Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma to the Urinary Bladder: A Case Report and Literature Review

Although secondary bladder tumors from distant metastases are rare, those originating from hepatocellular carcinoma are particularly uncommon, with only a few cases reported to date.

An 81 year old male with hepatocellular carcinoma developed a rapidly growing 23 mm-sized bladder tumor during systemic therapy with atezolizumab and bevacizumab. Cystoscopy revealed a pedunculated, nonpapillary tumor on the posterior wall of the bladder, and transurethral resection was urgently performed due to bleeding. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed bladder metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Although rare, rapidly enlarging bladder tumors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma should be considered as possible metastatic lesions in the differential diagnosis.