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Plant-Derived Nanovesicles: Resolving Conceptual Confusion, Overcoming Isolation Challenges, and Advancing

Zhaoyu Zhang1,2, Guangyang Chen1,3, Kaiyuan Zheng4

  • 1Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.

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Summary

Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) offer therapeutic potential but require standardized isolation. This study clarifies PDNVs versus plant extracellular vesicles (PEVs) and optimizes PDNV extraction for improved yield and purity in biomedical applications.

Keywords:
clinical translationisolation methodsplant extracellular vesiclesplant pretreatmentplant-derived nanovesicles

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanomedicine
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) are bioactive nanoparticles with therapeutic potential.
  • Inconsistent terminology and isolation methods impede reproducibility and clinical translation of PDNVs.
  • Distinguishing PDNVs from naturally secreted plant extracellular vesicles (PEVs) is crucial, as PDNV isolation often yields mixed vesicle populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the distinctions between PDNVs and PEVs.
  • To investigate key factors influencing PDNV isolation, including plant source, processing, and purification.
  • To propose strategies for standardizing PDNV isolation for biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of PDNV and PEV definitions and isolation.
  • Exploration of plant source, tissue processing, and vesicle purification techniques.
  • Optimization of polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation and aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) purification.

Main Results:

  • Optimized PEG precipitation increased PDNV recovery by 4-5 fold.
  • ATPS purification yielded significantly higher recovery and removed >95% of protein contaminants.
  • Identified key factors affecting PDNV isolation efficiency and purity.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized isolation protocols are essential for the clinical translation of PDNVs.
  • Optimized methods like PEG precipitation and ATPS can enhance PDNV yield and purity.
  • Clarifying PDNV/PEV distinctions and optimizing isolation workflows will advance PDNV applications in drug delivery, immune regulation, and tissue repair.