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Accuracy of face scan-based virtual facebow records: A comparison between two registration methods.

Mario Hertanto1, Marcel Hertanto1, Zhiqiang Luo1

  • 1Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Journal of Prosthodontics : Official Journal of the American College of Prosthodontists
|May 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Three-dimensional (3D) match registration is more accurate for virtual facebow transfer than UV match. Combining 3D registration with an industrial scanner provides superior accuracy compared to using an iPad.

Keywords:
in vitroiterative closest point algorithmlandmark‐based registrationprecisionsurface‐based registrationthree‐dimensional facial imagingtruenessvirtual articulator mounting

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Area of Science:

  • Digital dentistry
  • Prosthodontics
  • Craniofacial imaging

Background:

  • Accurate maxillary positioning is crucial for virtual facebow transfer in digital prosthodontics.
  • Comparing 3D match and UV match registration methods is essential for optimizing virtual articulator transfers.
  • Facial scanner type can impact the accuracy of virtual registration techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the accuracy of 3D match and UV match for virtual facebow transfer.
  • To evaluate the influence of facial scanner type (industrial vs. iPad) on registration accuracy.
  • To determine the optimal registration method and scanner combination for precise maxillary positioning.

Main Methods:

  • Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) served as the reference standard for a manikin's maxillary arch.
  • Virtual alignments were generated using 3D match and UV match registration with EinScan HX and iPad scans.
  • Accuracy was assessed by measuring linear and angular deviations against the CBCT reference using Exocad and a Python script.

Main Results:

  • 3D match registration demonstrated superior trueness and precision compared to UV match.
  • The combination of an industrial scanner and 3D match yielded the highest accuracy (trueness: 0.98 ± 0.67 mm; precision: 1.31 ± 0.79 mm).
  • 3D registration with an iPad also showed significantly better angular accuracy than UV match.

Conclusions:

  • 3D registration is more accurate than UV match for virtual facebow transfer.
  • Industrial-grade scanners combined with 3D registration provide the highest accuracy for virtual facebow transfer.
  • The choice of scanner and registration method significantly impacts the precision of digital prosthodontic workflows.