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BioMEMS: Forging New Collaborations Between Biologists and Engineers

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Microphysiological Systems: Transforming Biomedical and Clinical Research.

Om Saswat Sahoo¹, Avisha Tyagi¹, Aparna K Sharma²

¹Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, New Delhi, India.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering

|May 6, 2026

Summary

Microphysiological systems (MPS) offer human-relevant models for drug development, overcoming limitations of traditional methods. These organ-on-chip technologies are advancing pharmaceutical research and safety assessment.

Keywords:

disease modeling drug development microfluidics microphysiological systems organ‐on‐a‐chip personalized medicine

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Drug Development
Translational Science

Background:

The pharmaceutical industry faces significant drug development challenges due to the low predictive power of conventional preclinical models.
Microphysiological systems (MPS) are emerging as advanced, human-relevant alternatives to traditional in vitro and animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the technological advancements, biological applications, and regulatory landscape of MPS in drug development.
To highlight the potential of MPS in addressing the translational bottleneck in pharmaceutical research.

Main Methods:

Integration of microfabrication, biomaterials, stem cell biology, microfluidics, and real-time sensing.
Development of organ-specific platforms, multi-organ systems, and body-on-chip models for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies.

Main Results:

MPS platforms can recapitulate organ-level structure, function, and disease dynamics with high physiological fidelity.
Regulatory bodies like the FDA are increasingly recognizing MPS as a validated approach for drug development and safety assessment.

Conclusions:

MPS represent a transformative technology for improving the predictive accuracy of preclinical drug testing and accelerating development timelines.
Addressing challenges in cell sourcing, heterogeneity, scalability, and standardization is crucial for the widespread adoption of MPS.