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Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System

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Magnetically Induced Ordered Structure-Assisted Defect Engineering Strategy for High-Performance All-Pseudocapacitive

Xinbo Pan¹, Wenquan Wang¹, Dianyu Tong¹

¹Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education and School of Materials, Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|May 6, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces novel film electrodes for high-performance film supercapacitors, achieving superior energy density and cycling stability for wearable electronics. The research highlights the critical role of oxygen vacancies in enhancing electrochemical performance.

Keywords:

all‐pseudocapacitive film supercapacitor free‐standing electrode lattice defect long cycling stability oxygen vacancy ultrahigh energy density

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Film supercapacitors are crucial for wearable electronics due to their flexibility and light weight.
Achieving high energy density in film supercapacitors is challenging due to limited research on pseudocapacitive electrode materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop high-performance film electrodes for supercapacitors.
To enhance the energy density and cycling stability of film supercapacitors for wearable devices.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of film electrodes (Fe@Fe3O4/CNTs anode and NiCo-NiCo compound/CNTs cathode) using vacuum filtration.
Utilizing Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and experimental validation.
Investigating the impact of oxygen vacancies on electrode material properties.

Main Results:

Oxygen vacancies enhance charge transfer at the Fe/Fe3O4 interface, leading to a specific capacity of 7.88 F cm-2 for the anode.
Oxygen vacancies improve adhesion energy, enhancing cycling stability with 76% capacitance retention after 20,000 cycles.
The assembled all-pseudocapacitive film supercapacitor achieves an energy density of 1.362 mWh cm-2.

Conclusions:

The developed film electrodes with engineered oxygen vacancies significantly boost supercapacitor performance.
This advancement offers a promising solution for high-energy-density power sources in wearable electronics.
The findings pave the way for next-generation flexible energy storage devices.