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Building Toward a Future for Electronic Health Record Systems
S Trent Rosenbloom1,2, A Jay Holmgren3, Bryan D Steitz1
11Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA;
Annual Review of Biomedical Data Science
|May 6, 2026
Summary
Electronic health records (EHRs) offer benefits but cause administrative burdens and clinician burnout. Advances in AI and large language models promise to streamline workflows and improve patient care.
Area of Science:
- Health Information Technology
- Clinical Informatics
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Background:
- Electronic health records (EHRs) are widespread in US healthcare, yet their benefits are inconsistent.
- These systems introduce significant administrative and documentation burdens, contributing to clinician burnout.
- Adoption is driven by financial incentives, regulations, and quality measurement demands.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the evolving landscape of health information technology.
- To examine the impact of patient-facing technologies on access, engagement, and clinician workload.
- To highlight the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) in healthcare.
Main Methods:
- Review of current health information technology tools and their adoption drivers.
- Analysis of patient-facing technologies like patient portals and remote monitoring.
- Exploration of emerging AI and LLM applications in clinical settings.
Main Results:
- Health IT benefits are unevenly distributed, with significant administrative challenges.
- Patient-facing technologies increase access but can burden clinicians and show usage disparities.
- AI and LLMs offer potential for automated documentation, ambient capture, and decision support.
Conclusions:
- AI and LLMs present opportunities to alleviate clinician burden and improve care delivery.
- Future health IT should be fully integrated to streamline workflows and optimize decision-making.
- Optimized health IT integration can enhance patient engagement and overall healthcare efficiency.
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