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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples
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Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples

Published on: July 6, 2014

Addressing Cervical Cancer Screening Disparities: At-Home Self-Collection Among LGBQ+ Populations.

Colleen McNicholas1, Lisa Memmel2, Clair Kaplan3

  • 1Planned Parenthood Great Northwest, Hawaii, Alaska, Indiana, Kentucky, Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Louis, MO, US.

Cancer Control : Journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center
|May 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

At-home HPV self-collection (SC) is a valid and preferred cervical cancer screening (CCS) method, especially for LGBQ+ individuals facing barriers to speculum exams. This approach can help reduce screening disparities.

Keywords:
HPV primary screeningHPV self-collectioncervical cancer screeningsexual minority healthtelehealthtrauma-informed care

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Published on: June 14, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Gynecologic Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Over 20 million individuals in the U.S. are overdue for cervical cancer screenings (CCS).
  • Sexual minority populations (LGBQ+) are 50% less likely to undergo routine screening, increasing risks for cervical dysplasia and cancer.
  • Barriers to traditional speculum exams for LGBQ+ individuals include access to care, history of sexual trauma, and provider bias.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical agreement, usability, and user experience of an FDA-authorized at-home vaginal self-collection (SC) device.
  • To assess screening preferences among individuals identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, pansexual, queer, or other non-heterosexual identities (LGBQ+).

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, multi-site method-comparison study (SELF-CERV) involving 609 participants across 16 U.S. sites.
  • Paired specimens were collected via at-home SC and clinician-based speculum/brush methods, with HPV testing using Roche cobas.
  • Surveys assessed screening barriers, prior experiences, device usability, and preferences; 74 LGBQ+ participants were included.

Main Results:

  • LGBQ+ participants reported greater screening delays, lower preventive care engagement, and more negative prior speculum exam experiences (pain, discomfort, aversion) compared to heterosexual participants.
  • Clinical agreement between self- and clinician-collected specimens was comparable, with no safety concerns identified.
  • The at-home SC device was rated easy to use and acceptable across all groups; LGBQ+ participants reported increased comfort, empowerment, and a stronger preference for SC.

Conclusions:

  • At-home SC is a clinically valid, usable, and highly preferred method for cervical cancer screening.
  • This method is particularly beneficial for LGBQ+ populations who face significant barriers to traditional speculum-based screenings.
  • Wider adoption of FDA-authorized at-home SC, combined with telehealth, can help reduce persistent cervical cancer screening disparities.