Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice
06:07

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice

Published on: October 6, 2022

Prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases among ART-naïve people with HIV: A global systematic review and meta-analysis

Peter Vanes Ebasone1,2, Anastase Dzudie2,3,4, Nasheeta Peer1,5

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

HIV Medicine
|May 6, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are prevalent in people with HIV (PWH) not yet on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Early screening and targeted interventions are crucial for managing this growing health burden.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) pose a significant and growing health challenge for people with HIV (PWH).
  • While CMD prevalence is documented in PWH on antiretroviral therapy (ART), data for ART-naïve individuals remain limited.
  • This study addresses the scarcity of comprehensive data on CMDs in ART-naïve PWH.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the global prevalence of key CMDs (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia) among ART-naïve PWH.
  • To compare CMD prevalence in ART-naïve PWH with those on ART and HIV-negative populations.
  • To identify regional variations in CMD prevalence within the ART-naïve PWH population.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of original articles published up to June 2024.
  • Searched multiple databases including PubMed-MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and others.
  • Included cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies with baseline CMD data for ART-naïve PWH aged 15 years and older.
  • Utilized random-effects meta-analysis with double arc-sine transformation for prevalence estimation.

Main Results:

  • Included 184 studies with over 424,000 participants.
  • Global pooled prevalence: hypertension (14.2%), diabetes (3.6%), obesity (11.5% BMI-based, 18.3% waist circumference-based), elevated total cholesterol (14.8%), elevated LDL cholesterol (17.6%), elevated triglycerides (22.9%), and low HDL cholesterol (54.6%).
  • Observed significant regional variations in the prevalence of diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia across UNAIDS regions.

Conclusions:

  • A notable prevalence of CMDs exists among ART-naïve PWH.
  • Significant regional disparities in CMD prevalence necessitate tailored public health strategies.
  • Emphasizes the need for early screening, targeted interventions, and integration of CMD prevention into HIV care protocols for PWH.
Abstract

Keywords:
HIVantiretroviral therapycardiometabolic risk factorsmeta‐analysisprevalencesystematic review

More Related Videos

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein07:29

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

Published on: October 12, 2017

Related Concept Videos

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...