Molecular Pathology of Myeloid Neoplasms

This article summarizes the contemporary diagnostic and prognostic frameworks for myeloid neoplasms, with a focus on myelodysplastic neoplasms/syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. The authors focus on the updated classification systems per the fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification and International Consensus Classification and specifically emphasize the increasing role of cytomolecular profiling in disease classification and risk-stratification models. The authors expand on testing methodologies, practical guidelines for implementation, and therapeutic implications of key molecular alterations to provide actionable insights for clinicians and pathologists.