Molecular Pathology of Soft-tissue Neoplasms

Soft-tissue tumors are rare mesenchymal neoplasms characterized by extensive morphologic and genetic heterogeneity. Advances in molecular pathology have transformed their diagnosis, classification, and therapeutic management. Recurrent genomic alterations such as gene fusions, mutations, amplifications, and epigenetic changes define distinct tumor subtypes, guiding targeted therapy. Modern diagnostic platforms, from fluorescence in situ hybridization to next-generation and methylation-based sequencing, enable precise molecular characterization of these tumors. Integration of molecular and genomic data will continue to inform diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response. Emerging technologies, including circulating biomarkers and artificial intelligence, further expand the role of molecular pathology in soft-tissue tumor care.