Clinically Relevant Molecular Pathology of Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer is the most frequently occurring gynecologic malignancy in the Western world. It has previously been classified using histologic determinants, but more recent classifications have incorporated features of molecular pathology. Most commonly, evaluation for DNA mismatch repair deficiency, POLE mutational status, and p53 mutational and/or protein status is conducted as part of molecular testing. The method of detection, such as immunohistochemistry or mutational analysis, has been debated for these molecular features. This article summarizes the current state of molecular pathology in endometrial cancer, including methods of testing, gaps in current approaches, molecular features with potential relevance, and therapeutic applicability.