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Updated: May 8, 2026

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery
Published on: September 26, 2025
Effect of zwitterionic liquids on cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein
Yusuke Kubota1,2, Risa Funaki1, Yuto Sana1
1Suntory Holdings Limited.
Abstract:
OE2imC3C, a zwitterionic ionic liquid, has attracted considerable attention as a low-toxicity solvent. However, the effects of OE2imC3C on the pharmacokinetics of drugs have not yet been investigated. In this study, we examined the effects of OE2imC3C on p-glycoprotein (P-gp) and cytochrome P450 (CYPs), typical factors associated with pharmacokinetic interactions. No notable inhibition of P-gp by OE2imC3C was observed at the tested concentrations. OE2imC3C inhibited several CYPs (IC50:0.048-0.66 vol% for 70 wt% aq OE2imC3C stock solution) and induced the gene expression of several CYPs. Based on these findings, practical guidance for the use of OE2imC3C was proposed here. A previous study suggested that OE2imC3C does not penetrate the cell membrane, and therefore, we had hypothesized that it does not inhibit CYPs inside cells. However, OE2imC3C inhibited CYPs. The related transporter was assumed to be organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1). These results suggest that OE2imC3C effect on CYPs should be considered in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The CYP inhibition was alleviated through structural modification of OE2imC3C.
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