Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body01:31

Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body

Fats and lipids are crucial components in the human body. Some lipid-derived compounds, such as fat-soluble vitamins, eicosanoids, lipoproteins, and glycolipids, also play unique roles to support various  biological processes .
Fat-soluble Vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, are required in minimal quantities, but their deficiencies can lead to severely abnormal physiological conditions. For example, vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, dry skin, delayed...
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
Lipid Absorption01:24

Lipid Absorption

Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
These breakdown products bind with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles, which quickly pass between microvilli to come in close contact with the apical...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of evolocumab on plasma coenzyme Q10 in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

Atherosclerosis plus·2026
Same authorSame journal

Efficacy and Safety of Evinacumab in Japanese Patients with Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Long-term Results from an Open-label, Single-arm, Phase 3 Trial.

Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis·2026
Same author

Distribution of Lipoprotein(a) Levels Among Children with Elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Identified Through Universal Pediatric Lipid Screening.

Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis·2026
Same author

Sex Differences in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Japanese Patients With Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Journal of lipid and atherosclerosis·2026
Same author

Current and Future Perspectives of LDL-C Lowering Therapies 2026.

Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis·2026
Same author

Severe HDL-C Deficiency Caused by Acquired LCAT Deficiency: A Case Report with Lipidomic Profiling and Anti-LCAT Autoantibody Detection.

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)·2026
Same journal

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Atrial Fibrillation: Friend or Foe?

Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis·2026
Same journal

Isolated Low Levels of High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol are Associated with an Increased Risk of Ischemic Cardiovascular Events: The Shizuoka Kokuho Database Study.

Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis·2026
Same journal

Beyond Sinus Rhythm: Rhythm Control and Mechanism-Based Secondary Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation-Related Stroke.

Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis·2026
Same journal

Knowledge Gaps and Nonadherence Among Japanese Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.

Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis·2026
Same journal

Association of Multimodal Intracoronary Imaging-Derived Plaque Morphology with the Pathophysiological Disease Patterns Assessed by the Quantitative Flow Ratio-Pullback Pressure Gradient.

Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

High-Density Lipoprotein-Specific Phospholipid Efflux Assay
07:08

High-Density Lipoprotein-Specific Phospholipid Efflux Assay

Published on: September 30, 2025

Lipoprotein(a) Distribution and Cardiovascular Risk in Japan: Insights from a Multi-center LEAP Study.

Tomoaki Yamada1, Hayato Tada2, Masatsune Ogura3

  • 1Department of Insured Medical Care Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo.

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis
|May 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels in Japanese patients show a skewed distribution. This study establishes new clinical risk thresholds for Lp(a) to better stratify cardiovascular disease risk.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular risk assessmentLipoprotein(a)

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

High-Density Lipoprotein-Specific Phospholipid Efflux Assay
07:08

High-Density Lipoprotein-Specific Phospholipid Efflux Assay

Published on: September 30, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a recognized independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • The specific distribution and clinical risk thresholds of Lp(a) in the Japanese population are not well-established.
  • Understanding Lp(a) levels is crucial for accurate CVD risk assessment in diverse ethnic groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the distribution of Lp(a) in Japanese patients within a clinical setting.
  • To evaluate the association of Lp(a) with various cardiovascular risk factors, including coronary artery disease (CAD), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).
  • To establish provisional clinical risk stratification thresholds for Lp(a) in nmol/L.

Main Methods:

  • The LEAP study involved a multicenter retrospective cohort analysis of 6,173 Japanese patients.
  • Lp(a) values were standardized to nmol/L using kit-specific conversion equations for consistent analysis.
  • Associations with CAD, ASCVD, chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and FH were assessed, with risk thresholds determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Main Results:

  • The median Lp(a) concentration was 20.88 nmol/L, exhibiting a right-skewed distribution.
  • Elevated Lp(a) levels were significantly associated with increased risk of CAD, ASCVD, CKD, and FH, but inversely associated with DM.
  • ROC analysis identified 25 nmol/L as a screening threshold and 125 nmol/L as a high-risk boundary, with CAD prevalence increasing stepwise across these categories.

Conclusions:

  • This research provides the first standardized Lp(a) distribution in nmol/L for Japanese patients.
  • Provisional clinical risk stratification thresholds for Lp(a) have been proposed.
  • These findings aid in improving cardiovascular risk assessment and management in the Japanese population.