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Related Experiment Videos

Two-layer evolutionary optimization problem for home healthcare pathways and scheduling under multi-center resource

Xinmiao Shao¹, Zhong Wu², Qing Guo²

¹Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China. shaoxinmiao_shlg@126.com.

Scientific Reports

|May 6, 2026

Summary

This study introduces a bilevel optimization framework for multi-center home healthcare routing and scheduling. It significantly improves resource utilization and reduces costs through cross-center resource sharing.

Keywords:

Bilevel evolutionary optimization framework Home healthcare Multi-center resource sharing Routing and scheduling optimization

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

Operations Research
Healthcare Management
Computer Science

Background:

Multi-center home healthcare systems face challenges with imbalanced workloads and underutilized resources.
Existing routing and scheduling methods often fail to address inter-center coordination and resource sharing effectively.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a bilevel optimization approach for routing and scheduling in multi-center home healthcare systems.
To enable cross-center resource sharing to improve efficiency and reduce costs.
To create a unified model incorporating travel time, service costs, penalties, skill-matching, and labor compliance.

Main Methods:

Formulation of a weighted single-objective model for multi-criteria trade-offs.
Development of the Bilevel Evolutionary Planning Framework for Multi-Center Routing and Scheduling with Resource Sharing (BEPSF).
A hybrid GA-GAPSO strategy at the lower level for within-center routing and scheduling, including feasibility repair and elitist preservation.

Main Results:

BEPSF significantly outperformed GA-GA and DE-DE baselines in solution quality and stability (average improvements of 31% and 63%).
Achieved 0% deviation from the reference optimum on small-scale instances.
Cross-center resource sharing reduced total system costs by 20-50%, with a maximum reduction of 66%.

Conclusions:

The proposed bilevel optimization framework effectively addresses workload imbalance and resource underutilization in multi-center home healthcare.
Cross-center resource sharing is a viable strategy for significant cost reduction and improved operational efficiency.
Factors like working hours and time-window tolerance critically influence cost composition.