Photon counting detector CT contrast agent-reduced transcatheter aortic valve reconstruction planning: a comparative...

Continuous efforts are made to reduce contrast media, improving patient safety, reducing environmental risks, and addressing recurring supply shortages. The aim of this study was to evaluate contrast agent-reduced CT protocols for transcatheter aortic valve reconstruction (TAVR) planning in photon counting detector CT (PCDCT).

162 BMI-matched examinations with standard dose contrast media (SCD; 80 mL; Iohexol 300 mg/mL; 81 examinations) and reduced contrast media dose (RCD; 50 mL; 81 examinations) for TAVR planning on a PCDCT were included in this retrospective monocentric study. Virtual monoenergetic reconstructions (VMI) at 70 keV, 60 keV and 50 keV of contrast agent-reduced examinations were compared with polyenergetic images. Quantitatively, regions-of-interest (ROIs) were placed in the abdominal aorta, iliac bifurcation, femoral artery, left ventricle and trapezius muscles. Signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR) were calculated. Qualitatively, diagnostic quality and contrast were assessed on a visual grading scale of 1 (non-diagnostic) - 5 (excellent) and contrast agent dose was estimated.

Averaged, SNR and CNR decreased by 8.71% and 16.78%, respectively, on PCDCT with reduced contrast dose (RCD vs. SCD; both p < 0.001). VMI50keV increased SNR by 44.10% (p < 0.001) and CNR by 52.73% (p < 0.001) compared with SCD. In the ascending aorta, SNR increased from 19.80 ± 6.24 (SCD) to 35.78 ± 13.20 (RCD_VMI50keV) and CNR from 18.84 ± 7.78 to 29.77 ± 16.70. Median contrast intensity was 5 for SCD, 4 for RCD_CR, and 5 for RCD_VMI50keV.

The diagnostic efficacy of TAVR planning assessment using PCDCT with minimized contrast agent dosing is preserved, presenting a practical approach to conserve contrast media.

Question The aim of the study was to implement a PCDCT-adapted contrast media dose protocol to reduce contrast agent volume at sufficient diagnostic quality. Findings PCDCT enables substantial contrast dose reduction for TAVR planning with maintained diagnostic image quality. Low-keV virtual monoenergetic image reconstructions compensate for the reduced iodine concentration. Clinical relevance The study demonstrates the potential of contrast media reduction of PCD-CT in clinical routine. This can benefit patients with renal impairment, for example, and reduce the negative effects of iodinated contrast media on the environment.