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Can Artificial Intelligence Chatbots Plan Therapeutic Ketogenic Diets for Children With Epilepsy?
Faye Ajmera1, Helen Lowe2, Jolynn Dickson2
1University of Toronto.
Summary
AI chatbots are not yet reliable for creating Ketogenic Diet Therapy (KDT) plans for children with epilepsy. Current AI-generated plans contain significant inaccuracies and safety risks, requiring expert dietitian oversight.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Nutritional Science
- Artificial Intelligence
Background:
- Ketogenic Diet Therapy (KDT) is a vital treatment for pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy.
- Limited access to trained dietitians restricts KDT's global implementation.
- AI chatbots offer potential but also risks for health advice.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of AI-generated KDT plans for pediatric epilepsy.
- To assess the performance of major AI chatbots (ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini) in creating KDT plans.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of three AI chatbots using clinical vignettes for Classic KD, MCT diet, and MAD.
- Evaluation by KDT dietitians focused on macronutrient accuracy, food choices, safety, and feasibility.
Main Results:
- All chatbots failed to generate accurate KDT plans.
- Inaccuracies included incorrect ketogenic ratios, insufficient MCTs, and exceeding carbohydrate limits.
- Inappropriate food suggestions were also noted across all tested diet types.
Conclusions:
- Current AI chatbots are unreliable and unsafe for generating pediatric epilepsy KDT plans.
- Significant risks arise from inaccurate calculations and inappropriate food recommendations.
- Human oversight by qualified professionals is essential for AI in specialized dietary therapies.
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