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Related Concept Videos

Volatilization01:10

Volatilization

Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)01:14

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is the combination of analytical techniques of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in a single instrument for analyzing a mixture of compounds. The gas chromatograph separates the compounds in the mixture, and the mass spectrometer analyzes each compound separately to determine the molecular masses and molecular structures.
A gas chromatograph consists of a long, narrow capillary column with a polysiloxane coating on the inner wall. The coating...
Gas Chromatography: Introduction01:13

Gas Chromatography: Introduction

Gas chromatography (GC) is a technique for separating and analyzing volatile compounds in a sample. Its primary purpose is to identify and quantify components in complex mixtures, making it essential in fields such as environmental analysis, pharmaceuticals, and petrochemicals. GC is also called vapor-phase chromatography (VPC) or gas-liquid partition chromatography (GLPC).
In GC,  a sample is vaporized and mixed with an inert carrier gas (the mobile phase), which transports it through a column.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems01:08

Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems

In gas chromatography, the sample is introduced as a vapor plug into the carrier gas stream for high efficiency and resolution. A microsyringe injects the sample solution into a heated sample port, vaporizing it and mixing it with the carrier gas. This process is important to ensure the sample is properly prepared for analysis. Thermally sensitive samples can be injected directly into the column and volatilized by slowly increasing the column temperature.
Two primary injection methods are used...
Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

On-line Analysis of Nitrogen Containing Compounds in Complex Hydrocarbon Matrixes
07:49

On-line Analysis of Nitrogen Containing Compounds in Complex Hydrocarbon Matrixes

Published on: August 5, 2016

MIL-125-NH2@Co-HHTP based solid phase microextraction for vulcanization accelerators determination in water samples

Long Pang1, Haiyang Feng1, Xingru Hu1

  • 1School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.

Environmental Research
|May 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel MOF-on-MOF heterojunction coating efficiently detects toxic vulcanization accelerators (VAs) in water. This sensitive method offers a reliable approach for environmental monitoring of these persistent pollutants.

Keywords:
MIL-125-NH(2)@Co-HHTPSensitiveSolid-phase microextractionVulcanization accelerators

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GC-based Detection of Aldononitrile Acetate Derivatized Glucosamine and Muramic Acid for Microbial Residue Determination in Soil

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Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
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Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

On-line Analysis of Nitrogen Containing Compounds in Complex Hydrocarbon Matrixes
07:49

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Published on: August 5, 2016

GC-based Detection of Aldononitrile Acetate Derivatized Glucosamine and Muramic Acid for Microbial Residue Determination in Soil
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Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
10:14

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Published on: September 2, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Vulcanization accelerators (VAs) are persistent toxic pollutants in aquatic environments.
  • Trace detection of VAs is challenging due to their low concentrations and complex matrices.
  • Development of sensitive and reliable analytical methods for VA monitoring is crucial for environmental and human health protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct a novel MOF-on-MOF heterojunction (MIL-125-NH2@Co-HHTP) for solid-phase microextraction (SPME).
  • To develop an efficient method for the trace determination of benzothiazole (BTA), 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), and N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (CBS) in water samples.
  • To investigate the synergistic effects and immobilization mechanisms of VAs on the MOF-based heterojunction coating.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a MOF-on-MOF heterojunction coating (MIL-125-NH2@Co-HHTP) for SPME.
  • Coupling the SPME method with gas chromatography-flame photometric detection (GC-FPD) for VA analysis.
  • Optimization of extraction conditions and characterization of the coating using FTIR, XPS, and electrostatic potential calculations.

Main Results:

  • The developed SPME method achieved wide linear ranges (0.5-200 μg L-1) and low detection limits (0.14-0.29 μg L-1) for BTA, DPG, and CBS.
  • The MOF-based coating exhibited high enrichment factors (22.2-60.1) and excellent reusability (>40 cycles).
  • The heterojunction coating demonstrated superior extraction performance compared to a commercial fiber, with high spike recoveries (87.5-105.1%) in real water samples.

Conclusions:

  • The MOF-on-MOF heterojunction coating provides a sensitive, reliable, and reusable platform for the trace determination of VAs in aquatic environments.
  • Synergistic effects, including hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and coordination interactions, enhance VA immobilization and extraction efficiency.
  • This work highlights the potential of MOF-based heterojunction materials in advanced sample preparation for environmental pollutant monitoring.