Stimuli-responsive nanoplatforms for central nervous system disorders: integrating delivery, modulation, and imaging

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Nanotechnology
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Stimuli-responsive nanoplatforms are revolutionizing central nervous system (CNS) therapeutics.
• They enable crossing the blood-brain barrier for spatiotemporal control and real-time monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the rational design of nanoplatforms responsive to endogenous and exogenous stimuli.
• To discuss their therapeutic effects and imaging capabilities for personalized medicine.

Main Methods:

• Exploration of nanoplatforms responding to redox, pH, and enzymatic signals.
• Analysis of exogenous physical stimuli like light, ultrasound, magnetic, and electrical fields.
• Integration of sensing, imaging, and therapeutic activation via real-time feedback.

Main Results:

• Nanoplatforms can actively sense microenvironments and utilize molecular signals for structural imaging.
• Personalized drug dosimetry and stimulation timing are enabled for optimized therapeutic outputs.
• Artificial intelligence aids in predicting structure-function relationships and improving imaging clarity.

Conclusions:

• These integrated systems offer advanced capabilities beyond passive drug delivery.
• Clinical translation requires addressing regulatory hurdles and scalable manufacturing.
• Brain-adaptive nanoplatforms show promise for viable clinical therapies.