Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Ionic Association

Ionic Association

The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.

Theory of Strong Electrolytes

Theory of Strong Electrolytes

The interionic forces of the strong electrolytes depend on the solvent's dielectric constant, which is the ability of a solvent to store electrical energy, based on its polarizability. and the solution's concentration. In high-dielectric solvents and in dilute solutions, weak electrostatic forces keep ions apart. However, in low-dielectric solvents or concentrated solutions, stronger interionic forces may cause ions to pair up as ionic doublets despite being fully ionized. The theory of strong...

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Effects of Sr<sup>2+</sup> Doping on Phase Stability and Lithium-Ion Conductivity in Pyrochlore-type Oxyfluoride Solid Electrolytes.

Inorganic chemistry·2026

Same author

Sandwich-Structured Covalent Organic Framework as a Proton Exchange Membrane.

ChemSusChem·2026

Same author

Fast Solid-State Defluorination/Fluorination of FeF<sub><i>x</i></sub> (<i>x</i> = 3-0) as Fluoride-Ion Battery Cathode.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025

Same author

Transport mechanism of fluorosulfonylamide-based molten alkali metal salts-Intermediate temperature ionic liquids.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025

Same author

Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of amino acid-loaded Cu<sub>2</sub>O hybrid particles for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction electrocatalysis.

RSC advances·2025

Same author

Understanding the mechanism behind improved cycling stability of FeF<sub>3</sub> cathode in lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide-concentrated electrolytes.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

Quasi-solid electrolytes using a single-cation ionic liquid.

Yuta Ito¹, Keigo Kubota¹, Yuta Maeyoshi¹

¹Research Institute of Electrochemical Energy, Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan. ito.yuta@aist.go.jp.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP

|May 7, 2026

Summary

This study introduces novel quasi-solid electrolytes (QSEs) for solid-state batteries. These advanced electrolytes achieve high ionic conductivity without concentration gradients, paving the way for improved battery performance.

More Related Videos

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Solid-State Batteries

Background:

Developing stable and conductive electrolytes is crucial for next-generation solid-state batteries.
Existing electrolytes often face challenges with concentration gradients and high-temperature processing.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate proof-of-concept quasi-solid electrolytes (QSEs) combining a NASICON-type ceramic and a single-cation ionic liquid (SCIL).
To investigate Li+ transport under concentration-gradient-free conditions.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of QSEs by combining Li1+x+yAlxTi2-xSiyP3-yO12 (a NASICON-type ceramic) and a SCIL.
Characterization of ionic conductivity and assessment of concentration gradients.

Main Results:

QSEs were successfully synthesized without inducing concentration gradients.
The QSEs demonstrated ionic conductivities comparable to the parent SCIL.
High-temperature sintering was not required for achieving good conductivity.

Conclusions:

SCIL-based QSEs offer a promising alternative for solid-state battery electrolytes.
These QSEs serve as effective model systems for studying Li+ transport without concentration gradients.
The findings support the development of advanced solid-state battery technologies.