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Related Concept Videos

DNA Helicases00:55

DNA Helicases

DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

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Related Experiment Videos

Targeting R-loops: diverse RNA helicases in R-loop resolution and their potential as targets for cancer therapy.

Katherine Herrera1, Kaoru Takasaki2,3, Takahiko Murayama1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|May 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

RNA helicases resolve R-loops, crucial structures formed during transcription. Understanding these enzymes is vital for genome stability and offers potential cancer therapy targets.

Keywords:
DEAD/DExH-boxR-loopRNA helicasecancer therapyreplication stress

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • RNA helicases are ATP-dependent enzymes involved in numerous cellular processes.
  • R-loops, DNA:RNA hybrids, form during transcription and can impede DNA replication.
  • The specific roles of RNA helicases in R-loop resolution are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the R-loop-unwinding activities of RNA helicases.
  • To discuss the cofactors involved in R-loop resolution.
  • To highlight the importance of R-loop resolution for genome stability and explore therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on R-loop resolving helicases.
  • Analysis of existing research on RNA helicase mechanisms.
  • Discussion of future research directions and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • RNA helicases are key players in resolving R-loops, preventing DNA damage.
  • Specific helicases and cofactors are implicated in maintaining genome stability.
  • Dysregulation of R-loop resolution is linked to cellular stress and potential disease.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting RNA helicases involved in R-loop resolution presents a promising avenue for cancer therapy.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of R-loop resolution.
  • Understanding these processes is critical for maintaining genomic integrity.