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Updated: May 8, 2026
Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface in Rehabilitation of Upper Limb Motor Dysfunction After Stroke
Published on: September 1, 2023
Mapping knowledge structure and emerging trends in non-invasive brain-computer interface for stroke rehabilitation
Ying Li1, Jiaying Chen1, Yu Wang1
1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Objective:
To explore the current research landscape and emerging frontiers in the application of non‑invasive brain-computer interface (BCI) technology in the field of stroke.
Methods:
Publications related to non‑invasive BCI technology in stroke were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database between January 2014 and March 2025. Only English articles and reviews were included; conference papers, editorials, and corrections were excluded.Bibliometric software was employed to construct visual knowledge maps based on authors, institutions, keywords, and other metrics.
Results:
After excluding items such as publisher corrections, editorial materials, and conference papers, 587 publications were included. Over the past decade, the annual number of publications showed an upward trend. China (177 publications) contributed the highest volume of output globally. The most prolific author was Jochumsen, Mads (17 publications), and Aalborg University (31 publications) was the leading institution. The journal with the highest number of publications was IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering(60 articles), while the Journal of Neural Engineeringreceived the most citations (2129). Keyword analysis and burst detection revealed that research hotspots mainly focus on signal acquisition methods, EEG‑based signal types, neural mechanisms, algorithms, external devices, and their impact on functional rehabilitation after stroke.
Conclusion:
Over the past ten years, advances in technology and interdisciplinary collaboration between medicine and engineering have provided new opportunities for stroke rehabilitation through non‑invasive BCI. This technology shows great clinical value in promoting neural plasticity and functional recovery in stroke patients.It is projected that future research will emphasize multimodal integration, innovations in algorithms such as deep learning, and breakthroughs in material technology, which are expected to represent major research directions and hotspots in the field.
