Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 8, 2026

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
Published on: July 18, 2017
An abnormal presentation of Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis
Robenson Nguyen1, Robert Smith2, Alexandra Darien2
1Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, NC, USA.
Abstract:
Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis (XGP) is commonly misdiagnosed as it can mimic several other pathological conditions. Here we report a case of a 55-year-old female with XGP presenting with pneumomediastinum and associated pleural effusions. The patient was successfully managed with exploratory thoracotomy, mediastinal washout, right lung decortication, and open right nephrectomy to achieve source control. Recognition of this novel complication of XGP is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management, and highlights the importance of counseling patients with existing ureteral stents or nephrostomy tubes about the need for periodic exchanges.
Related Concept Videos
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management
Atypical Pneumonia
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography
