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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the stimulus...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

Autism Sensory Profiles Predict Stimulus- Evoked Insula Connectivity.

Zachary Jacokes, Stefen Beeler-Duden, Sophie Lawson

    Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
    |May 7, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) sensory profiles are best understood as a continuous spectrum of severity, not subtypes. This sensory severity impacts brain connectivity, particularly in males, and is context-dependent.

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    Published on: October 4, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Psychiatry
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Sensory processing differences are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
    • Existing research often attempts to categorize these differences into subtypes, but this approach may not fully capture the complexity of sensory experiences.
    • The underlying neurobiological basis of sensory heterogeneity in ASD remains unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the structure of sensory processing differences in ASD using continuous models.
    • To investigate the neurobiological relevance of this characterization using functional connectivity.
    • To explore potential sex differences in the relationship between sensory profiles and neurobiology.

    Main Methods:

    • Applied unsupervised spectral manifold dimensionality reduction to item-level Sensory Profile data from 223 autistic participants.
    • Utilized voxel-wise linear mixed-effects modeling of insula-seeded functional connectivity in 63 participants.
    • Analyzed data during externally driven stimulation (motion stimuli) and resting state.

    Main Results:

    • Categorical subtyping of sensory profiles in ASD proved unstable and irreproducible.
    • Sensory processing differences are best modeled as a continuous, non-linear manifold of sensory severity.
    • Higher sensory severity correlated with disrupted insula-sensorimotor connectivity during motion stimulation, but not at rest.
    • A significant sex-by-sensory gradient interaction indicated males showed heightened sensitivity.

    Conclusions:

    • Sensory atypicality in ASD is better represented as a continuous regulatory manifold rather than discrete subtypes.
    • Context-dependent hypoconnectivity, particularly during sensory stimulation, is linked to sensory severity in ASD.
    • Findings suggest disrupted social-sensory integration underlies sensory differences in ASD, with males exhibiting greater vulnerability.