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Related Concept Videos

Insomnia01:27

Insomnia

Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
Multiple factors contribute...
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
Nightmares and Night Terrors01:18

Nightmares and Night Terrors

Nightmares and night terrors represent two distinct types of sleep disturbances that differ in timing, characteristics, and the sleeper's recall of the event. Nightmares are vivid, disturbing dreams that usually awaken the sleeper from REM sleep, a stage of sleep where brain activity is high, and dreams are most frequent. Upon awakening, individuals often have detailed recollections of their nightmares, which can include themes of threats to survival, security, or self-esteem.
Nightmares often...
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
04:33

Association Between Sleep Quality and Cognitive Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Published on: April 26, 2024

Sleep Disturbances Among Adult Patients with Mood Disorders: A Saudi Cross-Sectional Study.

Ahmad H Almadani1,2, Ayedh H Alghamdi1,2, Falwah S Alsalman3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Nature and Science of Sleep
|May 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Sleep disturbances are common in mood disorder patients. Smoking, younger age, and chronic diseases are linked to poor sleep, suggesting targeted interventions are needed.

Keywords:
bipolar disordermajor depressive disordermood disordersquality of lifesleep

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Mood disorders are prevalent psychiatric conditions often accompanied by sleep disturbances.
  • These sleep issues negatively impact prognosis, daily functioning, and overall quality of life for patients.
  • Understanding these correlations is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of sleep disturbances in patients diagnosed with mood disorders.
  • To identify sociodemographic, behavioral, and medical factors associated with sleep disturbances in this population.
  • To inform targeted interventions for better sleep management in mood disorder patients.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted with 306 participants at King Khalid University Hospital in Saudi Arabia.
  • Data was collected using a custom questionnaire and the Arabic versions of the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) and Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale (GSES).
  • Statistical analyses, including univariate and multivariable models, were employed to identify significant correlations.

Main Results:

  • 31.1% of participants reported a diagnosed sleep disorder, with insomnia being the most frequent (80.0%).
  • Higher SHI scores correlated with smoking, younger age, and single marital status. Smoking remained significant in multivariable analysis.
  • Higher GSES scores were associated with younger age and chronic diseases in multivariable analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in mood disorder patients and linked to various factors.
  • Behavioral (smoking), psychosocial, and medical (chronic diseases) factors significantly influence sleep quality.
  • Interventions targeting smoking cessation, chronic disease management, and age-specific needs may enhance sleep and patient outcomes.