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Elaborate Control of Inkjet Printer for Fabrication of Chip-based Supercapacitors
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Strategies for decarbonizing printed circuit board supply chain.

Suraj Negi1, Aishwarya Rani1, Shu-Yuan Pan1,2

  • 1Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC.

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|May 7, 2026
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Summary

Printed circuit board (PCB) production causes significant greenhouse gas emissions. This study synthesizes research to identify key emission sources and proposes five integrated strategies for achieving net-zero emissions in the PCB supply chain.

Keywords:
Environmental policyEnvironmental scienceManufacturing

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science
  • Industrial Ecology

Background:

  • Printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing is critical for electronics and clean energy but relies on energy-intensive processes and fossil fuels, contributing to global greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Existing sustainability initiatives for PCBs often lack comparative effectiveness and scalability assessments for achieving net-zero emissions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the environmental sustainability of the PCB supply chain, identify emission hotspots, and propose a unified framework for net-zero strategies.
  • To assess the interactions, feasibility, and mitigation potential of various decarbonization strategies within the PCB sector.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of peer-reviewed life cycle assessments (LCAs), product carbon footprint disclosures (ISO 14067), industrial case studies, and policy initiatives.
  • Integration of boundary-qualified LCA evidence with industry practices to pinpoint environmental hotspots.
  • Analysis of fragmented and regionally uneven decarbonization measures, considering data transparency and regulatory factors.

Main Results:

  • Dominant environmental hotspots include copper-intensive materials, electricity-intensive fabrication steps, and limited end-of-life circularity in PCB production.
  • Many current decarbonization measures are fragmented, lack transparency, and face regulatory misalignment.
  • A unified framework with five key strategies is proposed: renewable energy, sustainable materials, circular economy, systematic carbon footprinting, and harmonized standards.

Conclusions:

  • Achieving net-zero emissions in the PCB supply chain requires integrated, systemic strategies rather than isolated solutions.
  • The proposed framework provides a structured basis for advancing credible net-zero pathways by evaluating strategy interactions and mitigation potential.
  • Addressing data gaps, regulatory misalignment, and promoting circularity are crucial for effective PCB supply chain decarbonization.