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Related Concept Videos

Neuronal Communication01:28

Neuronal Communication

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
Electrical Synapses01:28

Electrical Synapses

Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Design, Surface Treatment, Cellular Plating, and Culturing of Modular Neuronal Networks Composed of Functionally Inter-connected Circuits
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Published on: April 15, 2015

Engineering Neuronal Network Connectivity Through Precise and Scalable Electrical Modulation.

Sreedhar S Kumar1, Yannaël Bossard1,2, Rachel Sava1

  • 1Bio Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|May 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers used high-density microelectrode arrays (HD-MEAs) to precisely control neuronal connectivity, demonstrating targeted synaptic strengthening and weakening. This breakthrough offers a foundation for advanced neurotherapeutics and biohybrid computing.

Keywords:
circuit shapingelectrical stimulationelectrophysiologyhd‐meaneuroengineeringspike timing‐dependent plasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Bioengineering
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Precise control of neuronal connectivity is crucial for neurotherapeutics and neuroengineering.
  • Implementing Hebbian plasticity rules and verifying large-scale changes present significant technical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a method for inducing and confirming targeted neuronal connectivity changes using high-density microelectrode arrays (HD-MEAs).
  • To introduce and assess Conditional Activity Metrics (CAM) for quantifying plasticity-induced changes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized HD-MEAs with programmable stimulation and analytics for in vitro and ex vivo preparations.
  • Developed Conditional Activity Metrics (CAM) to quantify changes in spike train timing and density.
  • Validated synaptic modifications using simultaneous HD-MEA and patch-clamp recordings.

Main Results:

  • CAM changes showed strong correlation with simulated synaptic weight changes.
  • Experimentally induced robust synaptic strengthening/weakening in approximately 40% of tested neuronal pairs.
  • Induced synaptic modifications persisted for at least 90 minutes in a subset of pairs.

Conclusions:

  • Established a foundation for precise, high-throughput neuronal circuit reconfiguration.
  • Demonstrated the potential of HD-MEAs and CAM for advancing neuroscience research.
  • Highlighted a versatile platform for novel neurotherapeutics and biohybrid computing strategies.