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Engineering an Optogenetic pH-Modulator in Bacteria.

Jenevieve Kuang1, Olivia J Armendarez1, Wei-Ting Chang1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|May 7, 2026
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered microbes can now dynamically control extracellular pH using a synthetic biology system. This engineered living system switches between high and low pH states with minimal intervention.

Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Biology
  • Microbial Engineering
  • Biochemical Engineering

Background:

  • Naturally occurring organisms regulate extracellular pH, a capability underexplored in synthetic biology.
  • Developing synthetic systems for dynamic pH control is crucial for advanced biological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a microbial system capable of switching between high and low extracellular pH states with minimal human intervention.
  • To explore the potential of synthetic biology for dynamic and reversible pH control.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed a genetic circuit with a light-inducible promoter for recombinant urease production.
  • Incorporated a urease degradation tag to expedite the transition from high to low pH.
  • Optimized environmental factors including media composition, replenishment rate, and light exposure patterns.
Keywords:
deployable living systemsengineered living materiallight‐responsive bacteriaoptogeneticspH modulation

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Main Results:

  • The engineered system successfully switched between high and low pH states.
  • The system demonstrated continuous cycling for up to 14 days with minimal performance degradation.
  • Urease production led to pH increase via urea hydrolysis, while native metabolism lowered pH upon cessation of urease production.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates a novel synthetic approach for dynamic extracellular pH control in an engineered living system.
  • The findings highlight challenges and potential solutions for implementing such systems beyond controlled laboratory settings.
  • This work advances the field of synthetic biology by providing a robust, self-regulating pH control mechanism.