Pediatric parotid mucoepidermoid carcinoma: a case report

Salivary gland neoplasms are rare, comprising less than 5% of pediatric head and neck tumors, with mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) being the most common malignant type. MEC in the parotid gland is exceedingly rare in children. Histologically, MEC tumors consist of squamous cells, mucus-secreting cells, and lymphoid infiltration, reflecting their complex cellular composition. This case report presents a 9-year-old female with a one-year history of progressive, painless swelling in the left cheek, accompanied by facial nerve palsy. Imaging studies revealed a heterogeneously enhancing mass in the left parotid gland with features suggestive of malignancy. Surgical resection was performed, and histopathologic examination confirmed MEC with perineural invasion. The patient subsequently received adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Post-surgery, she demonstrated good healing, and with no significant complications from the adjuvant therapy. Literature review described in this case report provides insights into the prevalence, diagnostic approaches, histopathological characteristics, treatment modalities, and prognostic factors for MEC, offering a comprehensive understanding of this uncommon pediatric malignancy.