[Economic evaluation in the health sector: The link between economic and health variables]

The relationship between health and economy is complex and bidirectional, since it shows an inseparable link in which each health-related decision carries significant economic implications, and, at te same time, every economic decision directly or indirectly influences the health of the population, particularly in environments where resources are limited and healthcare costs continue to escalate. In this context, health economic evaluation emerges as a crucial tool that enables a systematic analysis of the costs and benefits associated with various interventions, thereby facilitating informed decision-making. This narrative review focuses on the principles and techniques of economic evaluation, examining their relevance to the planning and management of health systems. The different types of economic evaluation studies and their impact on the efficiency of health interventions are discussed, and the need for a balanced approach that considers both market efficiency and social welfare is emphasized.