[Psychiatry as clinical neuroscience]

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Psychiatry
• Genomics

Background:

• Traditional psychiatry relies on syndrome-based descriptions and symptom-focused treatments.
• Etiological hypotheses have historically varied across theoretical frameworks.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the repositioning of psychiatry as a clinical neuroscience.
• To highlight the integration of neuroscientific findings into psychiatric practice and taxonomy.

Main Methods:

• Review of neuroscientific research, including brain connectivity studies (Human Connectome Project).
• Analysis of transdiagnostic classification initiatives (Research Domain Criteria, Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology).
• Consideration of neuroscientific psychopharmacology and genomic association studies.

Main Results:

• Neuroscience suggests interconnectedness between psychiatric illnesses.
• New approaches enable more precise etiological hypotheses and novel therapeutic targets.
• Initiatives for dimensional and spectral classification are emerging.

Conclusions:

• Psychiatry can be redefined as clinical neuroscience, leveraging brain connectivity and dimensional approaches.
• A paradigm shift necessitates revising psychiatric taxonomy and psychopharmacology.
• Integrating neuroscience into medical residency programs is crucial for future specialists.