Advances in the Management of Sternoclavicular Joint Injuries
Colby Nielsen1,2, Niloofar Dehghan2,3, Michael D McKee1,2
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Banner University Medical Center - Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona.
Summary
Sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) injuries require prompt recognition and aggressive treatment. Imaging with CT and MRI is crucial for diagnosis, and surgical techniques offer reliable outcomes for dislocations.
Area of Science:
- Orthopaedic Surgery
- Radiology
- Anatomy
Background:
- The sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) is the sole bony link between the axial skeleton and upper limbs.
- It is a critical synovial joint, vulnerable to injury due to its proximity to mediastinal structures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diagnosis and management of sternoclavicular joint injuries.
- To highlight the importance of timely recognition and treatment of SCJ dislocations.
Main Methods:
- Review of current orthopaedic literature on SCJ injuries.
- Discussion of imaging modalities including CT and MRI.
- Evaluation of surgical techniques for SCJ repair.
Main Results:
- CT is optimal for SCJ injury imaging; CT angiography for vascular concerns and MRI for soft tissues.
- Acute posterior SCJ dislocations can cause significant disability if unreduced.
- Chronic dislocations present greater treatment challenges.
Conclusions:
- Aggressive treatment is warranted for acute posterior SCJ dislocations in active individuals.
- Prompt recognition and referral are vital for managing chronic locked dislocations.
- Surgical interventions like ligament reconstruction and internal fixation are well-supported.
- Vascular injury is a rare but serious complication requiring consideration and surgical collaboration.
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