Mechanically Robust Hydrogel Strain Sensor Enabled by a Multicross-Linked Electrospun-Fiber Network for Human Motion...

The burgeoning demands for health care and human-machine interfaces highlight the need for high-performance wearable strain sensors. However, it remains a major challenge to develop hydrogels that simultaneously exhibit robust mechanical properties and exceptional conductivity. This study presented a mechanically reinforced hydrogel by synergistically combining a double-network cross-linking structure with embedded electrospun nanofibers, achieving enhanced mechanical performance including an elastic modulus of 152 kPa and a toughness of 1.84 MJ m^-3. In parallel, the hydrogel exhibited improved electrical conductivity (2.1 S m^-1) and high sensitivity (gauge factor of 10.8), along with negligible pressure interference. By integrating five sensors into a smart glove and incorporating deep learning algorithms, we realized accurate recognition of multiple hand gestures as well as precise control of virtual games and a robotic dog. This work provides valuable insights for the rational design and development of mechanically robust and highly conductive hydrogels toward broad practical applications.